JIS K3800-2009 二级生物安全箱

上一篇: DIN EN ISO 14602-2009 非活性外科植入物.接骨术植入物.特殊要求(ISO14602-1998);德文版本ENISO14602-2009
下一篇: JIS Z4752-2-12-2009 医疗成像部门的评估和常规试验.第2-12部分:电影照明装置的验收试验和一致性试验

【英文标准名称】:DigitalProgramInsertion-AdvertisingSystemsInterfacesPart3AdManagementService(ADM)Interface
【原文标准名称】:数字程序嵌入.广告系统接口.第3部分:管理系统(ADM)接口
【标准号】:ANSI/SCTE130-3-2008
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:属性;辅助的;数据交换;数字的;元件;可扩展标记语言;接口;管理;信息交换;文电;设备;传输系统;XML
【英文主题词】:Attribute;Auxiliary;Dataexchange;Digital;Elements;ExtensibleMarkupLanguage;Interfaces;Management;Messageexchange;Messages;Services;Transmissionsystems;XML
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:M14
【国际标准分类号】:33_040_20
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardPerformanceSpecificationforCerebralStereotacticInstruments
【原文标准名称】:脑部立体手术器械的标准性能规范
【标准号】:ASTMF1266-1989(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1989
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.31
【标准类型】:(Specification)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Anesthesiaequipment--specifications;Application;Cerebralstereotacticinstruments;Mechanicalperformanceconsiderations;Neurosurgicalmedicaldevices/applications--specifications;Performance--surgicalmaterials/applications(specifications);Probe;
【摘要】:Thepurposeofastereotacticapparatusistoguidetheadvanceofanelectrodeorotherprobeaccuratelyandinacontrolledfashiontoagivenpointinspace,relativetotheapparatus,tothestereotactictarget.Thus,whentheapparatusisattachedtotheskull,theelectrodeorprobecanbeadvancedtoagivengeographicalpointwithinthecranialcavity,nearthebaseoftheskullorinthespinalcanal.Asgenerallyemployed,theventriclesorcavitieswithinthebrainorotherneurosurgicallandmarksareidentifiedroentgenographicallybyothermeansand,byconsultinganatlasorothertable,themeandistanceanddirectionbetweenthevisualizedlandmarkandagivenanatomicaltargetaremeasured.Theelectrodeorprobeistheninsertedtothestereotactictarget,thatis,thepointinspacewhichiscalculatedfromthedistanceanddirectionbetweenthevisualizedlandmarkandthedesiredtargetinrelationtothecoordinatesystemofthestereotacticapparatus.Itisrecognizedthatthereisconsiderableanatomicalvariabilityinthesizeandshapeofthecentralnervoussystemsothatthetargetpointthatisidentifiedfromtheatlasortableisonlyapproximate.Usually,wherepossible,physiologicalverificationmayalsobeobtained.Onemustdistinguishbetweentheanatomicalaccuracy,whichisinexactbecauseofthevariabilityofbrains,andthemechanicalaccuracy,whichisafunctionoftheprecisionofthestereotacticinstrument.Therequirementssetforthhereinareconcernedonlywiththemechanicalaccuracyofstereotacticinstruments.Itisalsorecognizedthatonceminimumstandardsformechanicalaccuracyhavebeenobtained,increasedmechanicalprecisionwillnotnecessarilyleadtoincreasedanatomicalprecision.1.1Thisspecificationcoversstereotacticinstrumentsusedbyneurosurgeonstoassistintheplacementofprobes,suchascannulae,needles,forceps,orelectrodesortodirectradiationintobrainregionsoranatomicaltargetsthatarenotvisibleonthesurface.ThegenerallocationoftheseregionsisdeterminedbymeasurementsfromlandmarksvisualizedbyXrayorothermeans,suchmeasurementsbeingbasedonatlasesderivedfromanatomicalstudiesandautopsy.Becauseoftheanatomicalvariability,morepreciselocationinanysinglepatientmaybedeterminedbyphysiologicalresponsesinthatpatient.Thedegreeofsuccessinstereotacticsurgerydependsupontheexperienceofthesurgeonaswellastheprecisionofthestereotacticinstrument.Nevertheless,minimumstandardsofaccuracyforstereotacticinstrumentsthatarewithintherangeofvariabilityofhumananatomymustbemaintained.1.2Forthepurposeofthisspecification,astereotacticinstrumentisaguidingdeviceusedinhumanneurosurgeryforthepurposeofdirectinganinstrumentortreatingmodalitytoaspecificpointwithinthebrainbyradiographicorothervisualizationoflandmarks.1.3Stereotacticinstrumentsmustbeconstructedtoaffordthesurgeonreliablyreproducibleaccuracyinplacinginstrumentsintotargetareas.ProperpositioningoftheprobeisoftenverifiedbyXraystocontrolerrorsincalculationandtocorrectdeflectionoftheprobeduringinsertion.Physiologicalparametersmaybeusedtofurtherdefinetheoptimaltarget.1.4Atthepresenttime,stereotacticinstrumentsareusedmostfrequently,butnotexclusivelyinthefollowingoperations.Thelistispresentedonlytopresentexamplesandshouldnotbeconstruedtorestrictadvancesordevelopmentsofnewprocedures.Forsomeapplicationsitisnotrequiredtohitapointinspace,buttohitavolumeormakealesionwithinamass.Forthatpurpose,devicesotherthanthosecoveredbythisspecificationmaybeemployed,butshouldberestrictedtosuchuses:1.4.1Thalam......
【中国标准分类号】:C36
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_30
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语